Select the correct statements from the following: (A) Mn show the highest oxidation state in first transition series elements. Choose the correct answer from the options given below: |
(A), (B) and (C) only (B), (C) and (D) only (A), (C) and (D) only (A), (B) and (D) only |
(A), (C) and (D) only |
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A), (C) and (D) only Detailed Analysis of Statements ** (A) Mn shows the highest oxidation state in the first transition series (Correct) ** Manganese (Mn) has the electronic configuration $[Ar] 3d^5 4s^2$. Because it has the maximum number of unpaired electrons in the $3d$ subshell plus two electrons in the $4s$ subshell, it can exhibit oxidation states ranging from $+2$ to $+7$ (e.g., in $KMnO_4$). No other element in the $3d$ series reaches $+7$. ** (B) Titanium (II) is more stable than Titanium (III) and Titanium (IV) (Incorrect) ** For Titanium ($Z=22$, $[Ar] 3d^2 4s^2$), the $+4$ oxidation state is the most stable because it results in a noble gas configuration ($[Ar] 3d^0$). Titanium (II) is actually quite unstable and acts as a strong reducing agent because it seeks to lose more electrons to reach the $+4$ state. ** (C) Scandium does not exhibit variable oxidation states (Correct) ** Scandium ($Z=21$, $[Ar] 3d^1 4s^2$) typically only exhibits the $+3$ oxidation state. By losing all three valence electrons, it achieves the stable noble gas configuration of Argon. ** (D) Zn forms complexes with only (II) oxidation state (Correct) ** Zinc ($Z=30$, $[Ar] 3d^{10} 4s^2$) only loses its two $4s$ electrons to form the $Zn^{2+}$ ion. The $3d^{10}$ shell is completely filled and very stable, so it does not lose any $d$-electrons. Consequently, Zinc is not technically a transition metal by definition and only forms complexes in the $+2$ state. |